Input variables

Generic variables

These variables can be found in virtually all reports as input variables

Design Pressure – Pc
Pressure assumed to be present in the component according to the design terms
Design Temperature – T
Temperature assumed to be present in the component according to the design terms
Material
Name of selected material used for the construction of the component

Specific variables

These variables are component specific

Outside Diameter – Do
Outside diameter of the attached part. The diameter runs from the outside of the wall to the opposite outside of the wall, through the center of the circle.
Nominal Thickness – en
Thickness ‘as is’, meaning it is the design thickness taking into account corrosion and tolerance.
Corrosion – c0
Amount of thickness that accounts for the possible effects of corrosions.
Tolerance – c1
Tolerance in thickness for production
Joint coefficient – z
Effectiveness of the strength, depending on whether joints are seamless, welded, or expected to perform worse than the base material properties
Radius miter bend – R
Radius of the miter bend from the origin of curvature and perpendicular to the neutral axis of the bend. The neutral axis follows the centerlines of the miter joints.
Total deflection angle miter bend – Angle
The angle of the total deflection the miter bend makes, i.e. the angle between the centerlines of the attached pipes.
Number of segments – NoS
The number of joints in which the bend is divided.
Miter Bend
Miter Bend
Miter Bend
Multiple Miter Bend Widely Spaced
Miter Bend
Multiple Miter Bend Closely Spaced
Miter Bend
Single Miter Bend

Calculated Values

Allowable Stress at Temperature – f
Stress in the component at which it is still allowed (without failure) to use the component.
Allowable stress at 20 °C – ft
Stress in the component at which it is still allowed (without failure) to use the component at testing condition.
Miter bend cut angle – θ
Cutting angle between the different joints.
Change in direction at miter joint – α = 2θ
The total angle of deflection per miter joint.
Maximum calculation pressure – Pc max
Maximum pressure allowed when the stress is time dependent or not.
Minimum miter bend radius – Rmin
Minimum required bend radius
Minimum inside length of sleeve segment ends – M
Minimum length of the segment measured at the inside.
Multiple/Single miter bend type
A miter bend is called a multiple miter bend with 3 or more segments, otherwise a single miter bend with 2 segments.
Nominal Required Thickness – ern
Based on the input, this is the calculated thickness that is required to sustain the loads. The nominal value should be smaller than the nominal design thickness.
Maximum Allowable Working Pressure – MAWP
The maximum pressure at which the component can be used in operation. This value should be larger than the design pressure.
Design margin – Pc/MAWP
Ratio of the design pressure to MAWP
Maximum Allowable Test Pressure – MATP
The maximum pressure at which the component should be tested and survive.

Scope errors

Number of segments is out of scope: required is NoS ≥ 2
A miterbend has at least 2 segments.
For time dependent design stress: required Pc ≤ 0.4 MPa
This code determines for loads that vary in time a maximum pressure.
For time dependent design stress: required cycles ≤ 100
This code determines for loads that vary in time a maximum number of cycles.
For time independent design stress: required Pc ≤ 2 MPa
This code determines for loads that are constant in time a maximum pressure.
For time independent design stress and change in direction α > 22.5°: required cycles ≤ 7000
This code determines for loads that are constant in time a maximum number of cycles.
No calculation required when deflection angle per miter α ≤ 3°
This code determines a minimum angle of miter cut θ. Decrease the number of miter segments or increase the total deflection angle of the miterbend.
For multiple miter bends, the miter cut angle is out of scope: required is θ ≤ 22.5°
This code determines for multiple miter bend a maximum angle.
Miter bend radius is out of scope: required is RRmin mm.
This code determines a minimum radius.

Errors

Can’t find material ‘MaterialName’ in database
Material could not be found in database. Select an existing material name, or select another material via the material selection window.
Insufficient wall thickness
Wall thickness is insufficient to bear the applied loads. Increase the wall thickness.

Remarks

For single miter bends, the miter cut angle θ is larger than 22.5°.
The Maximum Allowable Pressure drops rapidly when the angle exceeds this limit.

Calculation errors

Can't calculate required thickness. Please check input data.
An error occured in the calculation for the required thickness.