Input variables

Generic variables

These variables can be found in virtually all reports as input variables

Location – Location: The physical location of the component
Test medium – Test medium: The medium used to test the component
Design Pressure – P: Pressure assumed to be present in the component according to the design terms.
Design Temperature – T_d: Temperature assumed to be present in the component according to the design terms.
Material: Name of selected material used for the construction of the component.

Specific variables

These variables are component specific.

Outside Diameter – D: Outside diameter of the attached part. The diameter runs from the outside of the wall to the opposite outside of the wall, through the center of the circle.
Nominal Thickness neutral line – t_n: The neutral line is along the neutral axis of the bend. Thickness ‘as is’, meaning it is the design thickness taking into account corrosion and tolerance.
Nominal Thickness Intrados – t_in: Intrados is the inner radius of the bend. Thickness ‘as is’, meaning it is the design thickness taking into account corrosion and tolerance.
Nominal Thickness Extrados – t_en: Extrados is the outer radius of the bend. Thickness ‘as is’, meaning it is the design thickness taking into account corrosion and tolerance.
Corrosion/erosion/threading – A: Amount of thickness that accounts for the possible effects of corrosions.
Tolerance – tol: Allowed tolerance in thickness
Joint Effeciency – E: Effectiveness of the strength, depending on whether joints are seamless, welded, or expected to perform worse than the base material properties.
Mean Bend Radius – R: Radius of the bend from the origin to the neutral axis of the bend. The origin lies in the intersection of the lines perpendicular to neutral axis, through the points where the bend ends turn straight.

Bend

Calculated Values

Minimum yield strength at 20 °C – S_ymin: Stress in the component at which the component starts to plastically deform at 20 °C ambient temperature.
Design factor – F: Factor for the allowable stress when considering underthickness tolerance and maximum allowable depth of imperfections.
Test design factor – F_t: Factor for the allowable stress when considering underthickness tolerance and maximum allowable depth of imperfections.
Allowable Operating Stress – S: Stress in the component at which it is still allowed (without failure) to use the component.
Allowable stress at 20 °C – S_t: Stress in the component at which it is still allowed (without failure) to use the component at testing condition.
Minimum radius cold field bend – R_min: The minimum radius of bending
Neutral line factor – I_c (equals 1): Bend correction factor, considered unity at the neutral axis.
Intrados factor – I_i: Bend correction factor at the inner radius of the bend (bend radius − half the outside diameter).
Extrados factor – I_e (equals 1): Bend correction factor at the outer radius of the bend (bend radius + half the outside diameter).
Nominal Required Thickness neutral line, intrados, extrados – t_rn, t_irn, t_ern: Based on the input, this is the calculated thickness that is required to sustain the loads. The nominal value should be smaller than the nominal design thickness.
Maximum Allowable Working Pressure – MAWP: The maximum pressure at which the component can be used in operation. This value should be larger than the design pressure.
Design margin – P/MAWP: Ratio of the design pressure to MAWP
Test pressure factor – F_Pt: Factor for maximum test pressure
Maximum Allowable Test Pressure – MATP: The maximum pressure at which the component should be tested and survive.
Required Test Pressure – P_t: Required hydrostatic pressure for testing at any point in the piping system (paragraph 437.4.1)

Scope errors

Temperature is out of scope: minimum temperature = -30 °C: This code determines a minimum temperature.
Temperature is out of scope: maximum temperature = 120 °C: This code determines a maximum temperature.

Errors

Can’t find material ‘MaterialName’ in database: Material could not be found in database. Select an existing material name, or select another material via the material selection window.
Insufficient wall thickness neutral line.: Wall thickness is insufficient to bear the applied loads. Increase the wall thickness at the neutral line.
Insufficient wall thickness intrados.: Wall thickness is insufficient to bear the applied loads. Increase the wall thickness at the intrados. The intrados should generally be thicker than the minimum required thickness at the neutral line.
Insufficient wall thickness extrados.: Wall thickness is insufficient to bear the applied loads. Increase the wall thickness at the extrados. The extrados should generally be thinner than the minimum required thickness at the neutral line.